文章编号:1001-8719(2012)04-0555-06
FCC 废催化剂细粉合成超细 Y型分子筛
刘欣梅,李亮,杨婷婷,阎子峰(中国石油大学重质油国家重点实验室CNPC催化重点实验室,山东青岛 266555)
摘要:以FCC废催化剂细粉为原料,通过向合成体系中引入无机盐、调变碱度和结晶温度,可以控制Y型分子筛的粒径,得到了大比表面积超细Y型分子筛。以减压蜡油(VGO)为原料油,考察了超细Y型分子筛粒径对催化剂催化裂化反应性能的影响。结果表明,合成体系中引入NaCl可以显著降低Y型分子筛的粒径,较高的碱度和较低的合成温度有利于构建超细Y分子筛的骨架结构;减小分子筛的粒径可以提高轻油的选择性和重油转化率,以及催化剂的抗积炭性能;合成的超细分子筛还显示了优良的水热稳定性。
关键词:FCC废催化剂细粉;超细Y型分子筛;粒径;裂化性能
中图分类号:TQ426.95
文献标识码:A
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-8719.2012.04.005
Synthesis of Super-Fine Y Zeolite With FCC Spent Catalyst Fines
LIU Xinmei, LI Liang, YANG Tingting, YAN Zifeng (Key Laboratory of Catalysis of CNPC, State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum , Qingdao 266555, China)
Abstract: The super-fine zeolite Y was successfully prepared by using FCC spent catalyst fines. In order to control the particle size of zeolite Y, the inorganic salts were introduced to the synthesis system, and synthesis factors, such as alkalinity, crystallizing temperature, were simultaneously controlled. The hydrothermal stability and the effect of particle size on the catalytic performance of super-fine zeolite Y were investigated with vacuum gas oil(VGO) as feed oil. The results showed that the particle size of zeolite Y could be apparently decreased by introduction of $\mathrm { N a C l } .$ The higher alkalinity and lower crystallizing temperature were beneficial to construct framework of super-fine zeolite Y. The selectivity of light oil and VGO conversion increased with decrease of zeolite particle size, on the contrary, the yield of coke was decreased. The super-fine zeolite Y prepared via in-situ crystallization method also exhibited good hydrothermal stability.
Key words: FCC spent catalyst fines; super-fine zeolite Y; particle size; cracking performance
FCC催化剂在使用过程中,因经受高温、毒物、结焦、机械磨损等冲击而丧失活性,成为废催化剂。在这些废催化剂中,有一部分为来自于三级和四级旋风分离器、粒径小于20μm的细粉,这些细粉约占催化剂报废量的三分之一[1]。单独的细粉从催化剂活性方面已不能满足催化反应的需求,但无论从物相构成和主要的元素组成来看,都适宜作为合成高附加值硅铝材料的原料。但到目前为止,对于催化剂细粉的应用,除少量用于提取活性氧化铝外,多数还未被开发利用。若以这些废催化剂细粉为硅铝源,合成催化裂化用超细Y型分子筛,不仅避免了硅铝资源的流失,而且能够解决催化剂细粉可能造成的环境污染,使催化裂化生产过程更加环境友好。
由于超细分子筛具有较高的比表面积和较低的晶内扩散阻力,因此在增强大分子转化能力、提高催化剂的利用率、减小深度裂化反应、提高催化剂选择性以及抗积炭等方面均表现出比常规粒径 $( 1 . 0 \ \mu \mathrm { { m } }$ 以上)的Y分子筛更加优越的催化性能2]。笔者以FCC废催化剂细粉为原料,通过添加无机盐和优化合成条件合成超细Y型分子筛,并考察合成分子筛重返催化裂化催化过程的可能性,以期为催化裂化固体废弃物的高效循环利用提供一条可行的途径。
通讯联系人:刘欣梅,女,教授,博士,从事新型催化剂与催化新材料方面的研究;Tel:0532-86983056;E-mail:1xmei@upc.edu.cn
2012年8月
石油学报(石油加工)ACTA PETROLEI SINICA (PETROLEUM PROCESSING SECTION)
第28卷第4期
收稿日期:2011-06-26