INTERNATIONAL CHARTER FOR THE CONSERVATION AND RESTORATION OF MONUMENTS AND SITES

• 威尼斯宪章

• [Preamble]

• Definitions

• Aim

• Conservation Excavations

• Restoration

  • Publication

• Historic Sites

[Preamble] 前言

Imbued with a message from the past, the historic monuments of generations of people remain to the present day as living witnesses of their age-old traditions. People are becoming more and more conscious of the unity of human values and regard ancient monuments as a common heritage. The common responsibility to safeguard them for future generations is recognized. It is our duty to hand them on in the full richness of their authenticity. 世世代代人民的历史文物建筑,饱含着从过去的年月传下来的信息,是人民千百 年传统的活的见证.人民越未越认识到人类各种价值的统一性,从而把古代的纪念物看作共同 的遗产.大家承认,为子孙后代而妥善地保护它们是我们共同的责任.我们 必须一点不走样地 把它们的全部信息传下去。

It is essential that the principles guiding the preservation and restoration of ancient buildings should be agreed and be laid down on an international basis, with each country being responsible for applying the plan within the framework of its own culture and traditions. 绝对有必要为完全保护和修复古建筑建立国际公认的原则,每个国家有义务根据 自己的文化和传统运用这些原则。

By defining these basic principles for the first time, the Athens Charter of 1931 contributed towards the development of an extensive international movement which has assumed concrete form in national documents, in the work of ICOM and UNESCO and in the establishment by the latter of the International Centre for the Study of the Preservation and the Restoration of Cultural Property. Increasing awareness and critical study have been brought to bear on problems which have continually become more complex and varied; now the time has come to examine the Charter afresh in order to make a thorough study of the principles involved and to enlarge its scope in a new document. 1931 年的雅典宪章,第一次规定了这些基本原则,促进了广泛的国际运动的发展. 这个运动落实在各国的文件里,落实在从事文物建筑工作的建筑师和技术人员国际议会 (ICOM)的工作里,落实在联合国教科文组织的工作以及它的建立文物的完全保护和修复的国 际研究中心(ICCROM)里.人们越来越注意到,问题已经变得很 复杂,很多样,而且正在继续不 断地变得更复杂,更多样;人们已经对问题作了深入的研究.于是,有必要重新检查宪章,彻底研 究一下它所包含的原则,并且在一份新的文件里扩大它的范围。

Accordingly, the IInd International Congress of Architects and Technicians of Historic Monuments, which met in Venice from May 25th to 31st 1964, approved the following text: 为此,从事历史文物建筑工作的建筑师和技术人员国际会议第二次会议,于 196 4 年 5 月 25 日至 31 日在威尼斯开会,通过了以下的决定:

DEFINITIONS 定义

ARTICLE 1. The concept of an historic monument embraces not only the single architectural work but also the urban or rural setting in which is found the evidence of a particular civilization, a significant development or an historic event. This applies not only to great works of art but also to more modest works of the past which have acquired cultural significance with the passing of time. 第一项 历史文物建筑的概念,不仅包含个别 的建筑作品,而且包含能够见证某种文明,某种有意义的发展或某种历史事件的城市或乡村环 境,这不仅适用于伟大的艺术品,也适用于由于时光流逝而获得文化意义的在过去比较不重要 的作品。

ARTICLE 2. The conservation and restoration of monuments must have recourse to all the sciences and techniques which can contribute to the study and safeguarding of the architectural heritage. 第二项 必须利用有助于研究和白虎建筑遗产的一切科学和技术来 保护和修复文物建筑。

AIM 目标

ARTICLE 3. The intention in conserving and restoring monuments is to safeguard them no less as works of art than as historical evidence. 第三项 保护和修复文物建筑, 既要当 作历史见证物, 也要当作艺术作品来保护。

CONSERVATION 保护

ARTICLE 4. It is essential to the conservation of monuments that they be maintained on

a permanent basis. 第四项 保护文物建筑,务必要使它传之永久。

ARTICLE 5. The conservation of monuments is always facilitated by making use of them for some socially useful purpose. Such use is therefore desirable but it must not change the lay-out or decoration of the building. It is within these limits only that modifications demanded by a change of function should be envisaged and may be permitted. 第五项 为社会公益而使用文物建筑,有利于它的保护.但使用时决不可以变动它的平面布局或装饰. 只有在这个限度内,才可以考虑和同意由于功能的改变所要求的修正。

ARTICLE 6. The conservation of a monument implies preserving a setting which is not out of scale. Wherever the traditional setting exists, it must be kept. No new construction, demolition or modification which would alter the relations of mass and color must be allowed. 第六项 保护一座文物建筑,意味着要适当地保护一个环境.任何地方,凡传统的环境 还存在,就必须保护.凡是会改变体形关系和颜色关系的新建,拆除或变动都是决不允许的。

ARTICLE 7. A monument is inseparable from the history to which it bears witness and from the setting in which it occurs. The moving of all or part of a monument cannot be allowed except where the safeguarding of that monument demands it or where it is justified by national or international interest of paramount importance. 第七项 一座文物 建筑不可以从它所见证的历史和它所从产生的环境中分离出 来.不得整个地或局部地搬迁

文物建筑,除非为保护它而非迁不可,或者因为国家的或国际的十分重大的利益有此要求。

ARTICLE 8. Items of sculpture, painting or decoration which form an integral part of a monument may only be removed from it if this is the sole means of ensuring their preservation. 第八项 文物建筑上的绘画,雕刻或装饰只有在非取下便不能保护它们时才可 以取下。

RESTORATION 修复

ARTICLE 9. The process of restoration is a highly specialized operation. Its aim is to preserve and reveal the aesthetic and historic value of the monument and is based on respect for original material and authentic documents. It must stop at the point where conjecture begins, and in this case moreover any extra work which is indispensable must be distinct from the architectural composition and must bear a contemporary stamp. The restoration in any case must be preceded and followed by an archaeological and historical study of the monument. 第九项 修复是一件高度专门化的技术.它的目的是完全 保护和再现文物建筑的审美和历史价值,它必须尊重原始资料和确凿的文献.它不能有丝毫臆 测.任何一点不可避免的增添部分都必须跟原来的建筑外观明显地区别开来,并且要看得出是 当代的东西.不论什么情况下, 修复之前和之后都要对文物建筑进行考古的和历史的研究。

ARTICLE 10. Where traditional techniques prove inadequate, the consolidation of a monument can be achieved by the use of any modem technique for conservation and construction, the efficacy of which has been shown by scientific data and proved by experience. 第十项 当传统的技术不能解决问题时,可以利用任何现代的结构和保护技术来 加固文物建筑,但这种技术应有充分的科学根据,并经实验证明其有效。

ARTICLE 11. The valid contributions of all periods to the building of a monument must be respected, since unity of style is not the aim of a restoration. When a building includes the superimposed work of different periods, the revealing of the underlying state can only be justified in exceptional circumstances and when what is removed is of little interest and the material which is brought to light is of great historical, archaeological or aesthetic value, and its state of preservation good enough to justify the action. Evaluation of the importance of the elements involved and the decision as to what may be destroyed cannot rest solely on the individual in charge of the work. 第十一项 各时代加在一座文物 建筑上的正当的东西都要尊重,因为修复的目的不是追求风格的统一.一座建筑物有各时期叠 压的东西时,只有在个别情况下才允许 把被压的底层显示出来,条件是,去掉的东西价值甚小, 而显示出来的却有很大的历史,考古和审美价值,而且保存情况良好,还值得显示.负责修复工 作的个人不能独自评价所涉及的各部分的重要性和决定去掉什么东西。

ARTICLE 12. Replacements of missing parts must integrate harmoniously with the whole, but at the same time must be distinguishable from the original so that restoration does not falsify the artistic or historic evidence. 第十二项 补足缺失的部分,必须保持整体的和谐 一致,但在同时,又必须使补足的部分跟原来部分明显地区别,防止补足部分使原有的艺术和 历史见证失去真实性。