电 子 科 技 大 学

UNIVERSITY OF ELECTRONIC SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF CHINA

专业学位硕士学位论文

MASTER THESIS FOR PROFESSIONAL DEGREE

（电子科技大学图标）

论文题目 K 波段微带阵列天线技术研究

专业学位类别 工 程 硕 士 学 号 201222050327 作 者 姓 名 郭 婧 指 导 教 师 王占平 副教授

分类号 密级

UDC

注 1

学 位 论 文 K 波段微带阵列天线技术研究

（题名和副题名）

郭 婧

（作者姓名）

指导教师 王占平 副教授

电子科技大学 成 都

（姓名、职称、单位名称）

申请学位级别 硕士 专业学位类别 工 程 硕 士 工程领域名称 电子与通信工程

提交论文日期 2015.04.14 论文答辩日期 2015.05.25 学位授予单位和日期 电子科技大学 2015 年 06 月 28 日 答辩委员会主席 评阅人

注 1：注明《国际十进分类法 UDC》的类号。

THE RESEARCH OF MICROSTRIP ARRAY ANTENNA AT K BAND

A Master Thesis Submitted to

University of Electronic Science and Technology of China

Major: Master of Engineering Author: Guo Jing Advisor: Prof. Wang Zhanping School: School of Optoelectronic Information

独创性声明

本人声明所呈交的学位论文是本人在导师指导下进行的研究工作 及取得的研究成果。据我所知，除了文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方 外，论文中不包含其他人已经发表或撰写过的研究成果，也不包含为 获得电子科技大学或其它教育机构的学位或证书而使用过的材料。与 我一同工作的同志对本研究所做的任何贡献均已在论文中作了明确的 说明并表示谢意。

论文使用授权

本学位论文作者完全了解电子科技大学有关保留、使用学位论文 的规定，有权保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和磁盘， 允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权电子科技大学可以将学位论文的全 部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描 等复制手段保存、汇编学位论文。

（保密的学位论文在解密后应遵守此规定）

作者签名： 导师签名：

日期： 年 月 日

摘要

摘 要

天线作为通信、导航、雷达、电视、遥控遥测等各种无线电系统中不可或缺 的设备，其工作性能的好坏至关重要。微波集成技术和新型制造工艺的兴起推动 了微带天线的发展。相比于传统天线，微带天线不仅体积小，重量轻，低剖面， 易共形，而且易集成，成本低，适合批量生产，此外还兼备电性能多样化等优势。 K 波段微带阵列天线，工作频段为 18-26GHz，不仅具备微带天线的共性优势，还 具备波长短频带宽，抗干扰性强，传播特性好等优点。K 波段微带阵列天线凭借 其独特的优势，应用范围已经从军用设备逐渐发展到了民用设施中，所以，对 K 波段微带阵列天线的研究非常具有实用性价值。

本文从项目需求出发，在微带天线辐射原理和阵列天线分析与综合理论的基 础上，借助电磁仿真软件，设计了两款不同形式和特点的 K 波段微带阵列天线。

1. 针对 K 波段汽车防撞雷达，研制了一款收发分置的谐振式串并结合馈电 K 波段微带阵列天线，包括一副 8×6 元发射天线及两副 8×2 元接收天线。辐射单元 为辐射边插入馈电式矩形贴片，线阵形式为串馈微带驻波阵，各线阵并联组阵， 馈电网络结构紧凑，馈线损耗和杂散辐射低。为降低副瓣电平，采用泰勒综合分 布对阵元进行不等幅同相激励。通过在单元之间的馈线上加四分之一波长阻抗变 换段，来实现电流分布和阻抗匹配。该种馈电网络结构灵活，方便调控电流分布， 工程使用价值高。实测结果表明，该天线具备高增益、低副瓣、波束较窄、小型 化、易集成等特点。

2. 设计了一款 8×8 元并联子阵结构的并馈式 K 波段微带阵列天线，采取辐射 边接触式馈电，利用简化式 2×2 并联模块逐级扩展为 2³ ×2³ 阵列。该种形式的并馈 阵，克服了传统并馈阵功分器网络庞大繁复、损耗大的缺点，有效减小了馈线长 度和拐角个数，还可通过调节单元间距灵活抑制交叉极化电平。实测结果表明， 与其他等幅同相激励阵相比，该款天线增益高，波瓣宽度更窄，副瓣电平较低， 辐射效率较高。

经实测，本文设计的阵列天线满足设计指标。为了更全面地研究 K 波段微带 阵列天线，论文最后对后续工作进行了进一步展望。

关键词： K 波段，微带阵列天线，高增益，低副瓣，小型化

I

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT

As the indispensable part in radio systems, such as communication, navigation, radar, telecontrol and telemetering, the performance of antenna is very important. With the development of microwave integrating technology and new manufacturing technology, microstrip antenna has been improved dramatically. Compared with traditional antennas, microstrip antenna has many advantages, such as miniaturization, light weight, low profile, easily integrated, and low cost, suitable for mass production. Besides, it also can get diverse electrical performances. Except the common advantages, the microstrip array antenna at K band, which working between 18GHz to 26GHz, also has some excellent benefits, short wavelength, wide band, strong anti-interference, and good propagation characteristics. With such distinct advantages, the microstrip array antenna at K band has been widely used in military equipment and civilian applications. So, the research of microstrip array antenna at K band has very important value of applications.

In the basis of radiation theory of microstrip antenna and the analysis and synthesis of array antenna, starting from the demand of projects and using electromagnetic simulation software, two pairs of microstrip array antennas at K band with different types and features were designed.

1. Aimed at the automotive anti-collision radar, microstrip array antennas at K band，which adapted series parallel feed network and working at resonant mode. A pair of antenna included 8×6 elements and two pairs of antennas included 8×2 elements were designed. By taking the rectangular metal patch as the radiation element and by cutting a slot in the radial edge of rectangular patch, the linear array was standing-wave array with series-feeding. And by combing the linear arrays with parallel connection, the planar array antenna was realized. The feed network had advantages of compact structure, low microstrip loss and low stray radiation. To reduce the side-lobe level, the Taylor synthesis method was employed to realize unequal amplitude and in-phase incentive. By using the quarter wavelength transformer section, it was easy to realize current distribution and impedance matching. The feed network was flexible, and convenient to control current distribution, which was suitable for project. Test results showed that, the array antennas had the advantages of high gain, low side-lobe, narrow

II

ABSTRACT

beam width, small size and easily integrated.

2. A microstrip array antenna at K band with 8×8 elements and parallel feed network was designed. It adapted the rectangular metal patch with feeding in no-radial edge, and used the 2×2 subarray to makeup the 2³ ×2³ array. The feed network not only reduced the feeder length and the numbers of corners, but also made it flexible to restrain the cross polarization level. Compared with the traditional parallel feed network, it was simple and low loss. Besides, compared with the common array antennas with equal current and in-phase incentive, the test results showed that the array antennas had higher gain, lower side-lobe, narrower beam width and higher radiation efficiency,.

Tests indicated that, the array antennas designed met the design index. To make further research on microstrip array antenna at K band, the expectation was made at the end in this paper.

Keywords : K band, microstrip array antenna, high gain, low side-lobe, miniaturization

III

目录

目 录

第一章 绪论.................................................................................................................... 1
1.1研究背景及意义............................................................................................... 1
1.2国内外研究现状............................................................................................... 2
1.3本论文的主要工作............................................................................................ 5
1.4本论文的章节安排........................................................................................... 5
第二章 微带天线的基本理论和分析方法.................................................................... 6
2.1微带天线的基本理论....................................................................................... 6
2.1.1微带天线的结构和特点............................................................................ 7
2.1.2微带天线的辐射原理................................................................................ 8
2.2微带天线的分析方法..................................................................................... 10
2.2.1传输线模型法.......................................................................................... 10
2.2.2腔模分析法.............................................................................................. 13
2.2.3其他方法.................................................................................................. 15
2.3馈电方法......................................................................................................... 16
2.3.1微带线馈电.............................................................................................. 16
2.3.2同轴线馈电.............................................................................................. 17
2.3.3电磁耦合型馈电...................................................................................... 17
2.4本章小结......................................................................................................... 18
第三章 微带阵列天线概述.......................................................................................... 19
3.1微带阵列天线馈电方式................................................................................. 19
3.1.1串联馈电.................................................................................................. 19
3.1.2并联馈电.................................................................................................. 21
3.2微带直线阵列形式及特性分析..................................................................... 22
3.2.1微带直线阵列形式.................................................................................. 22
3.2.2微带直线阵列特性.................................................................................. 24
3.3微带平面阵列形式及特性分析..................................................................... 29
3.3.1微带平面阵列形式.................................................................................. 29
3.3.2微带平面阵列特性分析.......................................................................... 30
3.4本章小结......................................................................................................... 34
第四章 高增益K波段微带阵列天线的设计............................................................. 35

IV