Hilti-2011AnchorFasteningTechnicalGuide-BuildSite.pdf

Volume 2: Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011

HL

Volume 2:

Anchor Fastening

Technical Guide

A guide to specification and installation

HILT

North American Product Technical Guide

2011 Edition

Anchor design at a click.

Hilti. Outperform. Outlast.

At Hilti, we work hard to help build a better world. Hilti PROFIS Anchor represents the next generation in anchor design software. PROFIS Anchor performs calculations for cast-in-place anchors and Hilti postinstalled anchors in accordance with the Strength Design provisions of ACI 318 and the International Building Code. Ask your Hilti Field Engineer for details.

PROFIS Anchor software

HILT

Introduction 1.0	4
Fastening Technology 2.0
	5
Anchoring Systems 3.0
	14
Construction Chemicals 4.0	353
Reference 5.0	372

Hilti North American Product Technical Guide Volumes 1 and 3 are also available. Contact your Hilti Field Engineer about them today.

HILTI

Anchor Fastening Technical Guide

Table of Contents

Hilti, Inc. (US) 1-800-879-8000 | www.us.hilti.com I en español 1-800-879-5000 I Hilti (Canada) Corp. 1-800-363-4458 I www.hilti.ca I Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011

1

Anchoring Systems Table of Contents

Section Description Page
1.0 Introduction
1.1 About Published Load Values.
1.2 Units
1.3 Our Purpose
1.4 Our Quality System
2.0 Fastening Technology 5
2.1 Base Materials. 5
2.1.1 Base Materials for Fastening 5
2.1.2 Concrete 5
2.1.3 Masonry Materials. 6
2.1.4 Autoclave Aerated Concrete 8
2.1.5 Pre-tensioned/Pre-stressed Concrete 8
2.1.6 Bonded Post-tensioned Concrete 8
2.1.7 Admixtures 8
2.2 Evaluation of Test Data 8
2.3 Corrosion. 10
2.3.1 The Corrosion Process 10
2.3.2 Types of Corrosion . 10
2.3.3 Corrosion Protection. 10
2.3.4 Test Methods 12
2.3.5 Hilti Fastening Systems. 12
2.3.6 Applications 12
3.0 Anchoring Systems 14
3.1 Anchor Principles and Design 14
3.1.1 Allowable Stress Design Terminology. 14
3.1.2 Strength Design Terminology 15
3.1.3 Definitions 16
3.1.4 Anchors in Concrete and Masonry 17
3.1.5 Anchor Working Principles 17
3.1.6 Anchor Behavior Under Load 18
3.1.7 Anchor Design.. 19
3.1.8 Allowable Stress Design 19
3.1.9 Strength Design 21
3.1.9.9 Design Examples 26
KWIK Bolt-TZ 26
KWIK HUS-EZ 34
HIT-HY 150 MAX-SD 40
3.1.10 Torquing and Pretensioning of Anchors 49
3.1.11 Design of Anchors for Fatigue 49
3.1.12 Design of Anchors for Fire 49
3.1.13 Design of Post-Installed Reinforcing Bar Connections. 50
3.1.14 Anchor Selection Guide 51
3.2 Adhesive Anchoring Systems .57
3.2.1 Adhesive Anchoring Systems Overview 57
3.2.2 The Hilti HIT System 58
3.2.3 HIT-HY 150 MAX-SD Adhesive Anchoring System 60
3.2.4 HIT-RE 500-SD Epoxy Adhesive Anchoring System 91
3.2.5 HIT-TZ with HIT-HY 150 MAX or HIT-ICE. 129
3.2.6 HIT-HY 150 MAX Adhesive Anchoring System. 134
3.2.7 HIT-RE 500 Epoxy Adhesive Anchoring System 178
3.2.8 HIT-ICE Adhesive Anchoring System 195
3.2.9 HIT-HY 20 Adhesive System for Masonry Construction. 214
3.2.10 HVA Capsule Adhesive Anchoring System. 224

Hilti, Inc. (US) 1-800-879-8000 |www.us.hilti.com I en español 1-800-879-5000 I Hilti (Canada) Corp. 1-800-363-4458 I www.hilti.ca I Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011

Anchor Fastening Technical Guide

HILTI

2

Anchoring Systems Table of Contents

Section Description Page
3.3 Mechanical Anchoring Systems .241
3.3.1 HDA Undercut Anchor 241
3.3.2 HSL-3 Heavy-duty Expansion Anchor 253
3.3.3 HSL Heavy-duty Expansion Anchor 262
3.3.4 KWIK Bolt TZ Expansion Anchor (KB-TZ). 267
3.3.5 KWIK HUS-EZ (KH-EZ) Carbon Steel Screw Anchor .280
3.3.6 KWIK Bolt 3 (KB3) Expansion Anchor. 291
3.3.7 KWIK HUS (KH) Carbon Steel Screw Anchor. .315
3.3.8 HCA Coil Anchor. 324
3.3.9 HDI and HDI-L Drop-in Anchor .327
3.3.10 HDI-P Drop-in Anchor. .331
3.3.11 HCl-WF/MD Cast-in Anchor 332
3.3.12 HLC Sleeve Anchor. 336
3.3.13 KWIK-CON II+ Fastening System . 340
3.3.14 Metal Hit Anchor 346
3.3.15 HPS-1 Impact Anchor. 347
3.3.16 HTB TOGGLER® Bolt. 349
3.3.17 HLD KWIK Tog 350
3.3.18 HSP/HFP Drywall Anchor 351
3.3.19 IDP Insulation Anchor 352
4.0 Construction Chemicals. . 353
4.1 Chemical Systems Overview 353
4.2 Crack Injection System . 354
4.2.1 Cl 060 Crack Injection System 354
4.3 Repair Mortar 356
4.3.1 RM 700 EP Epoxy Repair Mortar 356
4.3.2 RM 710 EP Lo-Temp Mortar 358
4.3.3 RM 800 PC Cement Repair Mortar 360
4.4 Grout 362
4.4.1 CB-G MG Multipurpose Grout 362
4.4.2 CB-G PG Precision Grout . 364
4.4.3 CB-G EG Epoxy Grout . . 366
4.5 Fire Protection Steel Spray .368
4.5.1 CFP-S WB Fire Protection Steel Spray (Intumescent Coating) 368
5.0 Reference. .372
5.1 Approvals and Listings 372
5.1.1 ICC-ES (International Code Council) Evaluation Reports . 372
5.1.2 COLA (City of Los Angeles) Approvals 372
5.1.3 Miami-Dade County Approvals. 372
5.1.4 Underwriters Laboratories Listings 372
5.1.5 FM Global Approvals 372
5.2 Reference Standards 373
5.2.1 ASTM Standards for Materials 373
5.2.2 ASTM Plating Standards. 374
5.2.3 Federal Specifications. 374
5.2.4 ANSI Standards. 374
5.3 Technical References 375
5.3.1 Metric Conversions and Equivalents. 375
5.3.2 Mechanical Properties of Materials. 376
5.3.3 Bolt Thread Data. 377
5.3.4 Concrete Reinforcing Bar Data 378
Terms and Conditions of Sale . .383

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Anchor Fastening Technical Guide

3

Hilti, Inc. (US) 1-800-879-8000 | www.us.hilti.com I en español 1-800-879-5000 I Hilti (Canada) Corp. 1-800-363-4458 I www.hilti.ca I Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011

1.0 Introduction

1.1 About Published Load Values

The Anchor Fastening Technical Guide is intended to supplement the Hilti Product and services catalog with technical information for the designer or specifier. Technical data presented herein was current as of the date of publication (see back cover). Load values are based on testing and analytical calculations by Hilti or by contracted testing laboratories using testing procedures and construction materials representative of current practice in North America. Variations in base materials such as concrete and local site conditions require on-site testing to determine actual performance at any specific site. Data may also be based on national standards or professional research and analysis.

Note that design values published in reports issued by approval agencies (e.g., ICC-ES, COLA, etc.) may differ from those contained in this publication.

For information regarding updates and changes, please contact Hilti,Inc. (US) Technical Support at 1-800-879-8000 or Hilti (Canada) Corporation at 1-800-363-4458.

1.2 Units

Technical data is provided in both fractional (Imperial) and metric units. Metric values are provided using the International System of units (Sl) in observance the Metric Conversion Act of 1975 as amended by the Omnibus Trade and Competitiveness Act of 1988. Data for metric products, such as the HSL and HDA anchors, is provided in SI units with conversions to Imperial engineering units (inches, pounds, and so forth) given in parentheses. Data for fractional products (e.g. the KWIK Bolt 3) is provided in imperial engineering units with the Sl metric conversions shown in parentheses. Additional information may be found in Section 5.3.1 Metric Conversions and Equivalents, provided in this product technical guide.

1.3 Our Purpose

We passionately create enthusiastic customers and build a better future!

Enthusiastic Customers

We create success for our customers by identifying their needs and providing innovative and value-added solutions.

Build a better future

We embrace our responsibility towards society and environment.

1.4 Our Quality System

Hilti is one of a select group
of North American companies
to receive the ISO 9001 and
ISO 14001 Certifications. This
recognition of our commitment
to quality ensures our customers
that Hilti has the systems and
procedures in place to maintain
our position as the world market leader, and to continually evaluate and improve our performance.

That's Total Customer Satisfaction!

For Technical Support, contact Hilti,Inc. (US) at 1-800-879- 8000 or Hilti (Canada) Corporation at 1-800-363-4458.

Anchor Fastening Technical Guide

HILTI

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Hilti, Inc. (US) 1-800-879-8000 | www.us.hilti.com I en español 1-800-879-5000 I Hilti (Canada) Corp. 1-800-363-4458 I www.hilti.ca I Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011

2.1 Base Materials

2.1.1 Base Materials for Fastening

The design of modern buildings requires fastenings to be made in a variety of base materials. To meet this challenge, fastener manufacturers have developed many products specifically targeting certain types of base materials. The properties of the base material play a decisive role in the suitability and performance of a fastener. The designer must carefully match the type of fastener with the base material to obtain the desired results. There is hardly a base material in which a fastening cannot be made with a Hilti product.

2.1.2 Concrete

Concrete is a mineral building material which is made from three basic ingredients; cement, aggregate and water. Special additives are used to influence or change certain properties. Concrete has a relatively high compressive strength compared to its tensile strength. Thus, steel reinforcing bars are cast in concrete to carry the tensile forces, and this combination is referred to as reinforced concrete.

Cement is the binding agent which combines with water and aggregate and hardens through the process of hydration to form concrete. Portland cement is the most common cement and is available in several different types, as outlined in ASTM C 150, to meet specific design requirements.

The aggregates used in concrete consist of both fine aggregate (usually sand) and coarse aggregate graded by particle size. Different types of aggregates can be used to create concrete with specific characteristics. Normal weight concrete is generally made from crushed stone or gravel. Lightweight concrete is used when it is desirable to reduce the dead load on a structure or to achieve a superior fire rating for a floor structure. Lightweight aggregates are made from expanded clay, shale, slate or blast-furnace slag. Lightweight insulating concrete is used when thermal insulating properties are a prime consideration. Lightweight insulating aggregates are manufactured from perlite, vermiculite, blast-furnace slag, clay or shale. Sand lightweight concrete is made from lightweight aggregate and natural sand. All concrete with a unit weight between 85 and 115 pcf is considered to be structural lightweight concrete. The ASTM specification and unit weight for each of these concretes is summarized as follows:

Fastening Technology 2.0

ASTMConcreteType	Aggregate GradingSpecification	Concrete UnitWeight pcf
Normal Weight	ASTM C 33	145-155
Sand Lightweight	ASTM C 330	105-115
All Lightweight	ASTM C 330	85-110
LightweightInsulating Concrete	ASTM C 332	15-90

The type and mechanical properties of concrete aggregate have a major influence on the behavior of drill bits used to drill anchor holes. The harder aggregates cause higher bit wear and reduced drilling performance.

The hardness of concrete aggregate can also affect the load capacity of power-actuated fasteners and anchors. Driven fasteners or studs can generally penetrate “soft” aggregates (shale or limestone), but hard aggregates (like granite) near the surface of the concrete can adversely affect the penetration of a fastener or stud and reduce its load capacity. The effect of aggregate mechanical properties on anchor performance is less well understood, although in general harder/denser aggregates such as granite tend to result in higher concrete cone breakout loads, whereas lightweight aggregates produce lower tension and shear capacities.

Values for the ultimate strength of fasteners in concrete are traditionally given in relation to the 28-day uniaxial compressive strength of the concrete (actual, not specified). Concrete which has cured for less than 28 days is referred to as green concrete. Aggregate type, cement replacements such as fly ash, and admixtures could have an effect on the capacity of some fasteners, and this may not be reflected in the concrete strength as measured in a uniaxial compression test. Generally, Hilti data reflects testing with common aggregates and cement types in plain, unreinforced concrete. In questionable cases, consult with Hilti Technical Support.

In view of the significantly lower strength of green concrete (less than 28-day cure), it is recommended that anchors and power-actuated fastenings not be made in cast-in-place concrete which has cured for less than 7 days, unless site testing is performed to verify the fastening capacity. If an anchor is installed in green concrete, but not loaded until the concrete has achieved full cure, the capacity of the anchor can be based on the strength of the concrete at the time of loading. Power-actuated fastening capacity should be based on the concrete strength at the time of installation.

Cutting through concrete reinforcement when drilling holes for anchors should be avoided. If this is not possible, the responsible design engineer should be consulted first.

HILTI

Anchor Fastening Technical Guide

Hilti, Inc. (US) 1-800-879-8000 |www.us.hilti.com I en español 1-800-879-5000 I Hilti (Canada) Corp. 1-800-363-4458 I www.hilti.ca I Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011

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2.1 Base Materials

2.1.3 Masonry Materials

Masonry is a heterogeneous building material consisting of brick, block or clay tile bonded together using joint mortar. The primary application for masonry is the construction of walls which are made by placing masonry components in horizontal rows (course) and vertical rows (wythe). Masonry components are manufactured in a wide variety of shapes, sizes, materials and both hollow and solid configurations. These variations require that the selection of an anchoring or fastening system be carefully matched to the application and type of masonry material being used. As a base material, masonry generally has a much lower strength than concrete. The behavior of the masonry components, as well as the geometry of their cavities and webs, has a considerable influence on the ultimate load capacity of the fastening.

When drilling holes for anchors in masonry with hollow cavities, care must be taken to avoid spalling on the inside of the face shell. This could greatly affect the performance of “toggle” type mechanical anchors whose length must be matched to the face shell thickness. To reduce the potential for spalling, holes should be drilled using rotation only (i.e. hammering action of the drill turned off).

2.1.3.1 Concrete Block

Concrete block is the term which is commonly used to refer to concrete masonry units (CMU) made from Portland cement, water and mineral aggregates. CMUs are manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes using normal weight and lightweight aggregates. Both hollow and solid load bearing CMUs are produced in accordance with ASTM C90.

Nominal	Minimum face-shell	Minimum web ThicknessA
Width of Unit in. (mm)	ThicknessA in. (mm)	in. (mm)
3 (76) and 4 (102)	3/4 (19)	3/4 (19)
6 (152)	1 (25)	1 (25)
8 (203)	1-1/4 (32)	1 (25)
10 (254)	1-3/8 (35)	1-1/8 (29)
	1-1/4 (32)B
≥12 (305)	1-1/2 (38)
		1-1/8 (29)
	1-1/4 (32)B

A Average of measurements on three units taken at the thinnest point.

B This face-shell thickness is applicable where the allowable design load is reduced in proportion to the reduction in thickness from the basic face-shell thickness shown.

CMU sizes generally refer to the nominal width of the unit (6", 8", 10" etc.). Actual dimensions are nominal dimensions reduced by the thickness of the mortar joint.

Concrete block construction can be reinforced, whereby reinforcing bars are placed vertically in the cells and those cells are filled with grout to create a composite section analogous to reinforced concrete. If all cells, both unreinforced and reinforced, are filled with grout, the construction is referred to as fully grouted. If only the reinforced cells are grouted, the construction is referred to as partially grouted. Horizontal reinforcing may be placed in the wall via a bond beam, which is always grouted. Ladder reinforcement may also be placed in the mortar bed between courses. Grout typically conforms to ASTM C476 and has a compressive strength of at least 2,000 psi. Concrete masonry units have a compressive strength which may range from 1,250 to over 4,800 psi, although the maximum specified compressive strength of the assembled masonry will generally not exceed 3,000 psi. In general, both chemical and mechanical anchors may be used in grouted CMU. If voids are present or suspected, mechanical anchors should not be used, and chemical anchors should only be installed in conjunction with a screen tube to prevent uncontrolled flow of the bonding material. In hollow CMU, anchor strength is generally assumed to be derived from the face shell thickness, which can be variable.

Fastening Technology

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Hilti, Inc. (US) 1-800-879-8000 | www.us.hilti.com I en español 1-800-879-5000 I Hilti (Canada) Corp. 1-800-363-4458 I www.hilti.ca I Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011

2.1.3.2 Brick

Bricks are prismatic masonry units made from suitable mixture of soil, clay and a stabilizing agent (emulsified asphalt). They

are shaped by molding, pressing or extruding and are fired at elevated temperature to meet the strength and durability requirements of ASTM C62 for solid brick and C652 for hollow brick.

12" Brick Bearing Walls

Depending upon the grade,

brick (solid clay masonry) can have a compressive strength ranging from 1,250 to over 25,000 psi. Grouted multi-wythe masonry construction typically consists of

two wythes, each one unit masonry in thickness, separated by a space 2" to $4 { - } 1 / 2 "$ in width, which is filled with grout. The wythes are connected with wall ties. This space may also be reinforced with vertical reinforcing bars. Solid brick masonry consists of abutting wythes interlaced with header courses. In general, chemical anchors are recommended for use in brick. In older unreinforced construction (URM), or where the condition of the masonry is unknown, it is advisable to use a screen tube to prevent unrestricted flow of the bonding material into voids.

2.1.3.3 Clay Tile

Structural clay load-bearing wall tile is made from clay or shale and heat treated (fired) at an elevated temperature to develop the strength and durability required by ASTM C34. These units are manufactured in a variety of shapes and sizes with one or more cavities and develop a compressive strength of 500 to 1000 psi depending upon the grade and type. These units typically have a $3 / 4 "$ face shell thickness and $1 / 2 "$ interior web thickness.

Clay tile as a base material is somewhat more difficult to fasten into because of its thin face shell and low compressive strength. Adhesive anchors such as the Hilti HIT-HY 20 with a wire screen are usually recommended because they spread the load over a larger area and do not produce expansion forces.

2.1.3.4 Mortar

Mortar is the product which is used in the construction of reinforced and non-reinforced masonry structures. The role of mortar when hardened in the finished structure is to transfer the compressive, tensile and shear stresses between the masonry units. Mortar consists of a mixture of cementitious material, aggregate and water combined in accordance with ASTM C270. Either a cement/lime mortar or a masonry mortar, each in four types, can be used under this specification.

Mortar	Type	Average Compressive Strength at 28 Days, Min psi (MPa)
Cement-Lime	M	2500 (17.2)
	S	1800 (12.4)
	N	750 (5.2)
	0	350 (2.4)
	M	2500 (17.2)
Masonry Cement	S	1800 (12.4)
	N	750 (5.2)
	0	350 (2.4)

Since mortar plays a significant role in the structural integrity of a masonry wall, it is important to understand how post installed anchors interact with the structure. Within a masonry structure there are designated joint locations. The proximity of a post-installed anchor or power-actuated fastener to one of these locations must be considered in the design of the anchorage. Product specific guidelines are provided within the guide.

2.1.3.5 Grout

ACl defines grout as “a mixture of cementitious material and water, with or without aggregate, proportioned to produce a pourable consistency without segregation of the constituents". The terms grout and mortar are frequently used interchangeably but are, in actuality, not the same. Grout need not contain aggregate (mortar contains fine aggregate). Grout is supplied in a pourable consistency where mortar is not. Grout fills voids while mortar bonds elements together.

Grout is used to fill space or cavities and provide continuity between building elements. In some applications, grout will act in a structural capacity, such as in unreinforced masonry construction.

Grout, in regards to post-installed anchorages, is specified by the design official. When post-installed anchors are tested for the development of design values, the grout is specified according to applicable ASTM standards. Design engineers are encouraged to become familiar with the characteristics of the grout used in performance testing to better understand the applicability of the design loads published in this guide to the jobsite conditions.

HILT

Fastening Technology

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Base Materials 2.1

Hilti, Inc. (US) 1-800-879-8000 |www.us.hilti.com I en español 1-800-879-5000 I Hilti (Canada) Corp. 1-800-363-4458 I www.hilti.ca I Anchor Fastening Technical Guide 2011